Agricultural machinery field operation quality standards 2
The method for inspecting the quality of land leveling operations involves a series of detailed steps to ensure that the plowing and soil preparation meet the required standards. This inspection is particularly important for ensuring uniformity in depth, consistency, and overall effectiveness of the farming process. The range of A1 applies specifically to the quality check of plow flat plow operations (with a twister).
For detection tools, the following are used: a 50cm steel ruler, a 2m tape measure, a 20m tape measure, and a wooden ruler. These tools help in measuring various aspects of the plowing process with precision.
In terms of the detection method, there are several key areas to consider. First, the depth of cultivation is checked both during and after the operation. During the operation, 10 random points are selected along different diagonals in each cultivating section. At each point, three measurements of the trench wall height are taken, and the actual depth is calculated by subtracting 1–2 cm. After the work is completed, five points are measured along the diagonal direction within the plot, with three depths measured vertically. A wooden ruler is placed on the plowed ground as a standard, and a steel ruler is inserted into the soil to measure the depth. If there is no rain, 10% is subtracted from the measurement; if there has been rainfall, 20% is subtracted instead.
Consistency of tillage depth is also evaluated. After all plots are completed, a certain number of points are selected depending on the size of the area. For areas below 20 hectares, 4–5 points are chosen, and for larger areas, more points are included. The percentage of inconsistent tillage depth is calculated, and if it is not more than 5%, the operation is considered acceptable.
Turning and coverage inspection involves checking two randomly selected trips during or after the operation. The area immediately after the trip is measured, and the return rate is calculated using the formula F = (S / A) × 100%. Coverage is assessed visually, and if weeds cover more than 90% of the area, it is considered qualified.
Ground level is checked by selecting three random points in the plot. A straight line parallel to the ground is drawn, and vertical distances are measured at every meter. The difference between the maximum and minimum values is recorded to determine the unevenness of the surface.
For opening and closing ridges, 3 points are selected per 20 hectares. A straight ruler is placed vertically on the ridge, and its width and depth are measured. For closed ridges, the profile is cut open, and the height is measured to calculate the average.
The deep loosening quality inspection method applies to comprehensive deep-seated operations. Tools such as a 1m wooden ruler and a 50cm steel ruler are used. Deep loosening is checked by collecting 3–5 points along the diagonal of the plot, measuring the depth and width of the grooves, and calculating the error based on the planned depth.
Row spacing is measured by randomly selecting 2–3 points in the plot. The distance between ridges is measured, and the depth of each groove is fully recorded. Trench depth is determined by measuring the width of the upper and lower parts of the deep trench. Stratification is also checked, with the depth of the first and second layers of loose soil being measured.
For the quality inspection of land, earthworm, and rotary tillage, specific tools like a 2m tape measure and a 1m wooden ruler are used. Depth of cultivation is checked during and after the operation. During the operation, the crew stops at the measuring point, and the depth is calculated by measuring the distance from the ground to the center of the blade. After the operation, the soil is removed, and the depth is measured against the ground as a reference.
Soil crushing is evaluated by measuring the size of the largest block at 3 points. Ground leveling follows the same procedure as described earlier. Each point is measured over 1m², and the longer side is measured and calculated.
Rilling operation quality inspection includes checking the straightness of the ridges and the pitch error. Ridge straightness is measured by selecting 3–5 points, and the distance from the center of the ridge to the reference line is recorded. Pitch error is calculated by measuring the distance between ridges and comparing it to the standard.
Suppression operation quality inspection focuses on soil compactness and pressure checks. Soil bulk density is measured at 3 points, and the width of adjacent heavy pressure is measured. Visual inspection is used to detect leaks, and any cracks found after sowing are considered unqualified.
Seeding and deep fertilization operations are inspected for straightness, spacing, accuracy, and depth. Sowing straightness is checked by measuring 100m along the broadcast line. Spacing errors are calculated by measuring the distance between rows. Seed particle verification involves sampling 3–5 points and checking the number of seeds per meter.
Plastic film covering operations are inspected for the width of the lighting surface, mechanical damage, and the thickness of the earth covering. The width is measured at 20 points, and the percentage of compliance is calculated. Mechanical damage is assessed by measuring the length of broken sections. The thickness of the covering is measured at each coating line.
Finally, the tillage quality inspection method covers weeding, earthing, and other related operations. Tools such as a 1m wooden ruler and a 50cm steel ruler are used. Plow depth and soil height are measured before and after the operation, and the depth error is calculated. Slough thickness is measured by inserting a steel ruler into the ditch. Injury rate is checked by counting the number of wounded seedlings at the measuring points.
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