Agricultural machinery field operation quality standards 2
The quality inspection method for land preparation operations is essential to ensure that all agricultural activities are performed efficiently and meet the required standards. This process includes various stages such as plowing, deep loosening, rotary tilling, ridging, and seeding with fertilization, each requiring specific tools and techniques for accurate evaluation.
For plowing operations, the A1 range is suitable for inspecting the quality of flat plow operations equipped with a twister. The detection tools include a wooden ruler (50 cm), a steel ruler (50 cm), a 20m tape measure, and a 2m tape measure. To check the depth of cultivation, 10 random points are selected along diagonals in different sections of the field. At each point, three measurements of the trench wall height are taken, and the actual depth is calculated by subtracting 1–2 cm, then averaging the results. After the operation, five points are measured along the diagonal, and the depth is determined using a wooden ruler as a reference. If no rain has occurred, 10% is subtracted from the measurement; if there was rainfall, 20% is deducted instead.
Consistency of tillage depth is evaluated after completing all fields. For areas below 3 hectares, 4–5 points are checked, while larger areas require more points. Each point measures 5 depths along the direction of plowing, and the percentage of inconsistent depths is calculated. If the inconsistency is less than or equal to 5%, it is considered acceptable.
Turning and coverage inspection involves randomly checking two passes during or after the operation. The area covered is measured and compared to the planned area using the formula: F = (S / A) × 100%, where F is the return rate, S is the actual covered area, and A is the measured area. Visual assessment is also used for coverage, and if weeds cover more than 90%, the operation is deemed satisfactory.
Ground leveling is done by selecting 3 points in the field and measuring vertical distances across a 10m wide strip. The difference between the maximum and minimum values is recorded to assess the levelness.
For ridge opening and closing, 3 points are chosen every 20 hectares, and the distance from the plot edge is measured. Ridge width and depth are measured using a straight ruler, and the average is calculated. For closed ridges, the profile is cut open, and the height is measured.
In deep loosening operations, the B1 scope covers comprehensive deep loosening checks. Tools like a 1m wooden ruler and a 50cm steel ruler are used. Three to five points are selected along the diagonal, and three deep grooves are measured at each point. The depth and width are recorded, and the error relative to the planned depth is calculated.
Row spacing is checked by randomly selecting 2–3 points and measuring the distance between ridges and deep grooves. Depth of each groove is fully measured to ensure accuracy.
Soil stratification is assessed by measuring the depth of the first and second layers of loose soil.
For hoeing, rotary tilling, and weeding, the C1 scope applies. Tools include a 2m tape measure and a 1m wooden ruler. Cultivation depth is checked by measuring the distance from the ground to the center of the blade. Post-operation checks involve removing soil from a 0.5m² area and measuring the depth against the ground as a reference.
Soil crushing is evaluated by measuring the size of the largest soil block in a 1m² area. Ground leveling follows the same procedure as described earlier.
Ridging operations are inspected using a 2m tape measure, 100m rope, 50cm steel ruler, and 20m tape measure. Ridge straightness is checked by measuring a 100m length and calculating the average deviation from the reference line. Pitch error is determined by measuring the distance between ridges and comparing it to the standard.
Soil compaction is checked by taking 3 samples from the pressed land and measuring bulk density. Heavy pressure leakage is visually inspected, and any cracks found after sowing indicate an unqualified result.
Seeding and deep fertilization operations use tools like a 100m measuring rope, 50cm steel ruler, 20m tape measure, 2m tape measure, spring scale, and calculator. Sowing straightness is tested by measuring 100m along the broadcast line and calculating the deviation. Spacing errors are measured by finding the distance between rows and comparing it to the standard.
Seed accuracy is verified through quantitative addition and particle verification methods. Seed counts are measured in 1m, 2m, or 3m lengths depending on the crop. Parcel verification compares the actual planting amount to the planned volume.
Sowing depth is checked by measuring 3–5 points along the diagonal and calculating the average depth. Plant spacing is measured to identify gaps over 10cm, which may affect yield.
Plastic film covering is inspected for lighting surface width, mechanical damage, and earth coverage. The width is measured at 10 points per trip, and the percentage meeting the plan is calculated. Mechanical damage is quantified by measuring the broken area and calculating the damage rate.
Tillage quality is assessed by checking plow depth, soil height, slough thickness, and injury rate. Plow depth is measured before and after the operation, and the difference is calculated. Slough thickness is determined by inserting a steel ruler into the ditch. Injury rate is calculated by counting damaged plants before and after the operation.
Each of these methods ensures that agricultural practices meet the necessary quality standards, leading to better crop yields and efficient land management.
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