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When the rock drill hits the eye, wind and water pipes often fly out to injure people; the pumice loosely shakes and hurts the workers; the steel braze hits the blind blasthole, and the residual drug blasts and wounds. In order to prevent the above accidents, the following precautions should be taken:
(1) Before drilling work, relevant equipment and tools, such as lighting equipment, long and short crowbars, rock drilling equipment and tools, should be prepared.
(2) Strictly implement the “knocking and asking top†system, carefully check whether there is loose pumice in the working space, whether the bracket is damaged or abnormal, and if it is found, it should be dealt with immediately. When handling, it should be carried out from the safe place from the outside to the inside. When handling, the personnel should stand in a safe place and use the long handle tool.
(3) When the blasthole is opened, the amount of intake air should be reduced, and the amount of intake air should be increased after the drill head is drilled 3 to 5 cm. The drill, wind drill and drill stand should be kept on the same vertical surface when the eye is drilled. The drill should be kept at the center of the blasthole to ensure that the blasthole is straight and reduce the friction between the drill and the eye wall. When you are eye-catching, the person holding the wind drill should stand on the side of the side of the wind drill, close to the wind drill, do not let the wind drill shake left and right to avoid broken brazing. In case of broken brazing, it is necessary to quickly hug the rig to prevent the drill rod from entering and leaving the wound.
(4) After shooting, it is necessary to check in time whether there are blind cannons, residual explosions, problems found, and timely and correct treatment. It is strictly forbidden to make eyelashes along the residual eye.
(5) It is strictly forbidden to dry eyes. When drilling, you must first open the water and then open the wind. When stopping the drilling, you must first stop the air and stop the water. The water supply should be appropriate to reduce the occurrence of dust.
  Second, the top film help accidents and preventive measures
The top-loading slabs often occur during the tunneling process, which can easily cause casualties. Measures to prevent roofing in the construction of the roadway are:
(1) After the shooting surface is fired, it must be ventilated immediately. After the guns are blown away, the experienced workers will enter the work surface to “knock and ask the topâ€, check the roof and the loose rock of the two gangs, and then proceed to the next The operation of the process.
(2) Excavating the roadway in the unstable rock stratum, the maximum control top distance should be kept within the scope specified by the operation regulations, and the roadway support condition should be checked frequently. If there is damage, it should be repaired and maintained in time.
(3) When the shed-type bracket is used, the back plate of the bracket must be tightly backed and backed, and the back of the backboard should be filled with stones and wooden blocks, and there must be no empty top air.
(4) The erection of the patio bracket must ensure the quality, and the well plate and the wall of the slab should be tightly braked to prevent the occurrence of "release pants".
(5) Temporary support for main shaft construction should not be too long, and should be checked frequently to prevent loosening of the piece.
 3. Rock loading, transportation accidents and preventive measures
In the process of rock loading and transportation, it often happens that the mine car or the rock loader is injured and injured, walking and pressing people, hitting people, the operator is electrocuted, the mine car or the rock loader crushes the person, and the mine car automatically slides and hurts people. When the vertical shaft is constructed, it is easy to hit the rocker, crush, crush and injure people, and the bucket is loaded with overburden and so on. Therefore, the following precautions should be taken during the process of rock loading and transportation.
(1) Before driving, check whether the mechanical part and electrical part of the rock loader are in good condition, then turn on the power, turn on the light, perform the empty test run, check whether the operation of each button is flexible, and whether the action is accurate.
(2) It is forbidden for anyone to stay and work near the mine bucket and the mine car that is hung behind the rock loader to avoid injury to the bucket or stone.
(3) No two persons may operate a rock loader at the same time.
(4) In the case of large rocks, the rock mass around it should be shoveled first, and then shoveled after it is exposed; if the rock mass is too large, it should not be shoveled to prevent the rocker from dumping and injuring people.
(5) The driver of the rock loader must pass the training and be certified to work. When loading the rock, no oiling or overhaul work is allowed. The rock loading equipment and transportation equipment should be repaired frequently, and the power must be cut off during maintenance.
(6) When a manual cart is used, one person is only allowed to push one car, and the speed must not exceed 3 m/s when driving on a self-sliding track. When the mine car approaches the turnout, the roadway, and the damper, the cart should promptly issue a warning sign when passing through a corner, a section with a large slope, and the encounter of two cars, people or obstacles in front, and derailment.
(7) There must be a sports car protection device at the entrance to the inclined shaft.
(8) When the vertical shaft construction adopts artificial rock loading, the working surface workers should not be too much. Generally no more than 3 to 5 people, take care of each other during work, to prevent tools from colliding and hurting people. The wellbore pumice must be disposed of before the rock is installed. When using a rock grab to install rock, the rock grab driver must stand on the side of the rock grab line. The bucket can not be installed too full, and the rock face should be 10 cm below the barrel.
   4. Fall accidents and preventive measures in high places
In the construction of patios, shafts and large-section chambers, high-rise fall accidents are prone to occur. The preventive measures are:
(1) A fall protection platform or safety net is installed below the shaft, the patio, the chute and the funnel, and below the location of the falling reference plane more than 2 meters away. Workers must wear seat belts, and bucket lifters must wear seat belts and safety straps.
(2) When the height of the tunnel and large section digging room exceeds 8 meters, a partition and a safety shed shall be provided, and the safety shed shall not exceed 6 meters.
(3) Patio, chute and funnel opening must be provided with signs, lighting, guardrails or grids and covers.
(4) The support points of the upper and lower personnel ladders or rams shall be located on the beam of the well frame. The inclination of the ladder shall not exceed 80 degrees, and the exit of the platform shall be above 0.6X0.7 square meters.
 5. Object combat accidents and preventive measures
When working in patios, inclined shafts, shafts, and large-section chambers, it is often the case that the above-mentioned workers drop or roll objects and injure the workers below. In this regard, the following precautions must be taken:
(1) When the shaft is lowered before the rock is drilled. Should be slowly lowered by the above person, the following people can not pull, so as not to knock the objects in the wellbore or on the hanging plate to hurt people. When drilling rock, no one is allowed to take the bucket to the working surface. In case of special circumstances, the rock should be stopped and the bucket should be lowered.
(2) The manhole cover shall only be opened when the bucket is passed up and down, and shall be closed immediately after the bucket has passed.
(3) Before the rafting or rock drilling in the wellbore, it is necessary to check the solid support of the temporary support to prevent the surrounding rock from being injured by the shock.
(4) For the personnel working on the patio and the upper part of the shaft, the tools must be placed in the tool bag. When several people are up and down at the same time, the back tool is left behind when going up, and the back tool is walking in the front when going down.
(5) The inclined shaft should be used to prevent the object from rolling down when lifting the waste rock or the material to be discharged. The following operators should try to avoid the object when they hear the object rolling down. Do not stand in the middle and look up.
Common accidents and preventive measures for tunneling
I. Rock drilling accidents and preventive measures