Study on Beneficiation Technology of Copper, Lead and Zinc Polymetallic Ore in Difficult Separation in Indonesia

First, the nature of the ore

Indonesian ore taken from a certain place, the ore minerals are well-lead metal ore, sphalerite, yellow copper ore, pyrite, pyrrhotite, silver and gold, wherein the state of occurrence of chalcopyrite and disseminated The granularity is more complicated. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz , mica , chlorite, pyroxene, feldspar, calcite and the like.

Metallic minerals such as sphalerite, galena, and pyrite are sparsely impregnated-dense-disseminated and sub-blocky. Some ore is porous and white quartz crystal clusters grow, making the ore both porous and cluster-like. Granular crystal structure, microscopic scale crystal structure, radial, bundle, scale-like structure, altered silty mud structure, fragmentation structure, self-shaped - semi-self-shaped - its granular structure, containing structure, milk Drop structure, sponge 陨 iron structure.

Sphalerite is the main zinc mineral, which is irregular in shape, granular, marginal, partially broken and coarse-gravel-like, and a few are semi-self-granular. Commonly associated with chalcopyrite and galena, a few are wrapped in pyrite, and also wrapped in chalcopyrite and galena, and there are few sphalerites produced by independent particles. Most of the sphalerite crystals are The droplet-shaped chalcopyrite separated by solid solution is formed in two stages. The early sphalerite is black, fragmented or broken grit-gravel-like, marginal dentate; late sphalerite is yellow, it is granular, locally visible along the early sphalerite fracture distribution, uneven sparse-dense dip dyeing The distribution is irregularly adjoining with the gangue minerals, and the particle size is generally 0.01 to 10 mm.

Galena is the main lead mineral, which is mostly symbiotic with the early sphalerite. It is in the form of granular or broken coarse sand-breccia. It is produced between quartz crystallites and irregularly adjoining with gangue minerals. Produced as independent particles, partially associated with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, a few with sphalerite, or wrapped in self-formed-semi-self-formed pyrite. The partially visible galena is in the form of cement, and the self-shaped semi-automorphic quartz is cemented; the particle size is generally 0.006~3mm.

Chalcopyrite is the main copper mineral, which is in the form of granular, broken coarse sand-breccia. A small part of it is produced by independent particles, most of which are encapsulated in sphalerite. Some -5μm chalcopyrite is in the form of fine-grained droplets in sphalerite, often associated with sphalerite, galena, pyrite. Health.

The other sulfides are mainly pyrite (pyro-pyrite) minerals, mostly self-shaped-semi-self-shaped granular, a few of which are granular, and some are produced by independent particles. Common or semi-self-formed pyrite (magnetic pyrite) in ore is wrapped in sphalerite, galena, or chalcopyrite coated with self-formed pyrite, which is disseminated or sparsely disseminated. Part of the pyrite (magnetic pyrite) and the chalcopyrite are intertwined with a very fine particle size. Occasionally, the self-formed pyrite and quartz are irregularly adjoining.

The results of multi-element chemical analysis of the ore are shown in Table 1. The results of lead phase analysis are shown in Table 2. The results of zinc phase analysis are shown in Table 3. The results of copper phase analysis are shown in Table 4.

Table 1 Results of multi-element chemical analysis of ore

element

Pb

Zn

Cu

Tfe

S

K 2 O

Na 2 O

Quality score

4.64

12.23

0.68

6.03

12.03

0.46

0.07

(Continued Table 1)

element

SiO 2

CaO

Al 2 O 3

MgO

Ag

Au

As

Quality score

52.90

0.4

4.42

1.05

64.9g/t

0.24g/t

60.08g/t

Table 2 Results of lead phase analysis of raw ore

Table 3 Analysis results of raw ore zinc phase

Table 4 Results of copper phase analysis of ore

It can be seen from Tables 2 to 4 that the lead and zinc ore in the ore belong to the mixed ore, and the copper belongs to the sulfide ore. Silver can be recycled as an associated mineral.

Second, flotation process research

(1) Determination of beneficiation process

During the exploratory beneficiation test of lead, zinc and copper, it was found that galena, sphalerite and pyrite (magnegorite) have good floatability but difficult separation; while copper lead preferential flotation, copper Mines are extremely poorly floatable. Although the copper ore is in the form of chalcopyrite and the ore grade is 0.63%, the large amount of chalcopyrite in the test did not float together with the lead concentrate, and its grade is only 1.86% in the lead concentrate. The recovery rate is only about 20%. This anomalous phenomenon has been discovered by systematic process mineralogical studies. The chalcopyrite grade and recovery rate are not high because "most of the chalcopyrite is encapsulated in sphalerite, and some -5μm chalcopyrite is finely divided. It is in the form of sphalerite, which makes it difficult to separate it from sphalerite in grinding to form a relatively independent mineral. Although the copper content in the ore is higher, but in the preferential flotation of lead, wrapped in sphalerite, fine-grained drop-shaped chalcopyrite is inhibited with the inhibition of zinc ore, and dispersed in zinc concentrate and zinc. In the middle mine, it is difficult to recover separately. In view of the difficulty in separation of lead and zinc and the difficulty in flotation of copper, the lead-zinc preferential flotation process was finally determined through exploratory experiments on a large number of combinations of lead collectors and zinc inhibitors.

(2) Grinding fineness test

Different selection fineness, the selection effect is not the same, in order to find a suitable selection of lead and zinc fineness, respectively, the grinding fineness in the -74μm accounted for 65%, 75%, 80%, 85%, different selected The effect of particle size on the grade and recovery of lead and zinc concentrate. The test scheme is a rough selection, two sweeps, and a zinc rough flotation process. The test flow is shown in Figure 1. The test results are shown in Figure 2. From the comprehensive consideration of lead crude concentrate grade, recovery rate and zinc coarse concentrate grade and recovery rate, the grinding fineness is preferably -74μm and 75%.

Figure 1 Conditional test procedure

Figure 2 Grinding fineness condition test results

1- lead crude concentrate grade; 2-zinc coarse concentrate grade; 3- lead crude concentrate recovery rate; 4-zinc coarse concentrate recovery rate;

(III) Condition test of main inhibitors for lead rough selection

1. Lime dosage test

Some of the pyrite (magnesia) in the mine is extremely buoyant and difficult to suppress, while lime is the cheapest and most effective inhibitor of pyrite (magnegorite). The main inhibitor of pyrite (magnetic pyrite) is lime, and the test results are shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the lime dosage is 11.0 kg/t.

Figure 3 lime test conditions test results

2. Condition test of zinc sulfate inhibitor

Since sphalerite is excellent in floatability, it is difficult to suppress zinc ore when only zinc sulfate or sodium sulfite is used as a zinc inhibitor. In order to reduce the zinc content in lead concentrate and increase the combination of sodium sulfide and zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite as zinc ore inhibitors, the purpose is to enhance the zinc inhibition effect. Lead selection of fixed conditions of sodium sulfide 1.0kg / t; sodium sulfite 500g / t, lime dosage 11.0kg / t; collector SN-9 dosage of 100g / t, foaming agent pine oil 50g / t, flotation time For 6 min, zinc sulfate is a variable. The test results are shown in Fig. 4. From the zinc grade and recovery rate of the lead concentrate, it can be seen that in the zinc combination inhibitor, when the amount of zinc sulfate is 2.5 kg/t, it is suitable.

Figure 4 Zinc sulfate inhibitor condition test results

3. Inhibitor addition site test

According to the above lead rough selection test results, the optimum amount of the zinc combination inhibitor is 2.5 kg/t of zinc sulfate, 500 g/t of sodium sulfite, and 1.0 kg/t of sodium sulfide. The effects of zinc combination inhibitors on the recovery of lead and zinc were investigated by selecting different drug addition sites. The place where the agent is added is added to the mill, and the ore is ground to achieve the purpose of inhibiting zinc; after the second grinding, it is added into the flotation tank, and the purpose of suppressing zinc is achieved by stirring the slurry. From the comparison of zinc-containing grade and recovery rate in lead crude concentrate, when the zinc combination inhibitor is added into the mill, the recovery rate of the lead crude concentrate is higher than that of the inhibitor added to the mill outside 1%, and the lead coarse concentrate The amount of zinc contained in the medium is slightly reduced. It is indicated that the combined inhibitors in the mill become fine with the ore particle size, and the zinc combination inhibitor fully reacts with the surface of the zinc ore, and achieves the purpose of inhibiting zinc during the rough selection of lead.

(4) Zinc ore floatability test

After a rough selection and two sweeps of lead ore, the tailings enter the zinc-selecting system. Since the zinc ore floats well, the copper sulfate is used as the activator, the butyl xanthate is the collector, and the foaming agent is the pine oil. After the zinc ore dosage test, the suitable conditions for zinc ore selection are 600 g/t for copper sulfate, 180 g/t for butyl xanthate and 50 g/t for pine oil.

(5) Closed circuit flotation process test

According to the grinding fineness, various inhibitors and activator dosage parameters determined by the lead and zinc in the flotation condition test, the whole process closed-circuit flotation process test was carried out. The closed-loop flotation process is shown in Figure 5, and the closed-circuit test results are shown in Table 5.

Figure 5 Full-process closed-circuit flotation process

Table 5 Full-process closed-circuit flotation process test results

It can be seen from Table 5 that under the better sorting conditions, after the raw ore is selected by the lead-zinc preferential flotation closed-circuit process, the yield of lead concentrate is 5.81%, the grade is 61.85%, the zinc content is 7.47%, and the recovery rate is 81.64. %, the technical yield of zinc concentrate is 22.48%, the grade is 50.29%, the lead content is 1.47%, and the recovery rate is 93.78%. In addition, the silver grade enriched in lead concentrate is 567.0g/t, the recovery rate is 50.76%; the rare element indium grade is 0.49g/t, and the beneficial element silver and rare element indium are comprehensively recycled.

Third, the conclusion

(1) The copper grade of the ore is low, and some chalcopyrite is opaque in the sphalerite; some chalcopyrite and (magnetic) pyrite are intertwined with fine grain size, and it is difficult to make the monomer Dissociation.

(2) Copper has a close symbiotic relationship with zinc and pyrite (magnesia) and has a fine particle size. When zinc is preferentially floated to suppress zinc and iron sulfide, copper is also suppressed, resulting in copper grade in lead concentrate. The recovery rate is extremely low and it is difficult to separate into a separate mineral in zinc concentrate.

(3) Pyrite (magnetite) and sphalerite are excellent in floatability. In order to achieve the purpose of suppressing zinc and sulfur by floating lead, the amount of lime and zinc sulfate is larger in each sorting section.

automotive brake hose, air hose, power steering pipe and tubing, conduit, trachea, etc., automotive oil seal, "O" type circle, etc., as well as the railway locomotive vehicle brake hose, air hose, bearing oil seal, the double effect of elastic side bearings, bogie cross rod shaft rubber mat, rubber damping products.
Specializing in the production of air-conditioning hose and hard tube assembly, according to the drawing processing

Nylon Hose Assembly

Power Steering Tube,Air Brake Hose,Cooling Water Hose,Automotive Fuel Hose

Linhai Shinyfly Auto Parts Co.,Ltd. , https://www.chinashinyfly.com