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Study on flotation process of a high-sulfur lead-zinc ore in Xinjiang
With the rapid development of global economic integration, non-ferrous metal industries to increasing demand, stimulated associated with the non-ferrous metal mining industry by leaps and bounds, greatly enhance the metal beneficiation technology. To carry out the mine commissioned by the Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute for the study of a high-sulfur lead zinc ore beneficiation process, to provide design basis for the plant. The experimental study is based on the study of the ore nature characteristics of the sample, and the ore processing process test is carried out.
I. Research on mineralogy of sample process
(1) Multi-element analysis of samples
The results of the multi-element analysis of the samples are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the main chemical components of the sample are Sio 2 , Fe, S, CaO, etc., a small amount of Al 2 O 3 , MgO, etc., and the main valuable elements are Zn, Pb, S, and Cu, Au, Ag. Wait.
Table 1 Sample chemical multi-element analysis results
element
TFe
Cu
Pb
Zn
S
As
Sb
Au
Mn
CaO
MgO
SiO 2
Al 2 O 3
C
Ag
quality
fraction
21.61
0.06
1.40
3.13
17.20
0.01
0.05
0.2g/t
0.57
14.05
2.00
28.78
5.09
2.82
15g/t
(2) Analysis of sample phase and main mineral composition
The lead phase analysis results of the samples are shown in Table 2. The zinc phase analysis results are shown in Table 3. The main mineral compositions and relative contents are shown in Table 4.
Table 2 Lead phase analysis results
name
Lead phase
total
Lead sulfide
Lead oxide
Other lead
Quality score
1.27
0.14
0.04
1.45
Occupancy rate
87.59
9.65
2.76
100.0
Table 3 Zinc phase analysis results
name
Zinc phase
total
Zinc sulfide
Zinc oxide
Other zinc
Quality score
2.97
0.14
0.14
3.25
Occupancy rate
91.38
4.31
4.31
100.0
Table 4 Main mineral composition and relative content
mineral
Pyrite
Magnetic yellow
iron ore
Arsenopyrite
Iron flash
Zinc mine
Galena
Yellow copper ore
magnetite
quartz
Calcite
White mica
Amphibole,
Chlorite
Carbonaceous material
Quality score
9
twenty four
micro-
6.0
1.6
0.2
0.2
27
20
5
6
1
(3) Structural structure of the sample
1. Structure of the sample
The sample mainly has a grain-like structure, a semi-automorphic grain structure, an etched structure, a twin structure, an inclusion structure and the like.
2. Construction of the sample
The samples mainly include a dip-like structure, a massive structure, a vein-like structure, a strip-disseminated structure, and a layered structure.
(4) Main recovery mineral occurrence state and embedding characteristics
Galena is the main lead-containing mineral and the main carrier mineral of silver . The galena is mainly in the form of his granules, partially in the form of hemi-semi-automorphic granules, mainly distributed between sphalerite, pyrrhotite and pyrite, with pyrrhotite, pyrite, and iron flash zinc. The mine is in contact with the inlay. Occasionally confessed to pyrite. The galena content of the galena is mainly in the range of 0.152 to 0.037 mm.
The zinc sulfide mineral in the sample is mainly iron sphalerite, which is irregularly shaped like a grain. It is disseminated in the ore. It is mainly in contact with pyrrhotite and pyrite, and is secondarily contacted with galena, and has the phenomenon of pyrite and galena. Iron may include fine zinc internal flash pyrrhotite and galena, chalcopyrite occasionally contain opacifying like sulfur and manganese ore fines. The size of the iron sphalerite inlay is extremely uneven, and the coarse particles can reach more than 1 mm, and the fine particles are less than 5 μm, mainly in the range of 0.04 to 0.4 mm.
Pyrite is mainly irregular in shape and grain, and is in contact with sulfides such as pyrrhotite, iron sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc., and is replaced by pyrrhotite and iron sphalerite. , galena, chalcopyrite, etc. are lightly accounted for. The pyrite content of the pyrite is not uniform, the coarse one can reach more than 1mm, the fine particles are less than 5μm, and the main inlay size is above 74μm.
The pyrrhotite is mainly irregular in shape and grain, and is mostly in contact with sulfides such as pyrite, iron sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc., and can be partially covered with fine-grained iron sphalerite. The lead ore is occasionally embedded in the veins of the pyrite and is replaced by pyrite. The pyrrhotite inlay has a relatively uniform grain size, generally ranging from 0.074 to 0.4 mm.
Second, flotation process research
(1) Choice of the plan
The formulation of the flotation scheme mainly depends on the ore properties of the sample, including the inlay relationship between the target minerals, the structural structure, the particle size distribution characteristics, the quality of the mineral floatability, and the amount of floating minerals. Generally, the flotation schemes that can be selected include preferred flotation, full sulphide ore flotation, partial floatation, and the like, floatable, and branched stream flotation. According to the results of the process mineralogical research and exploratory test of the sample, referring to the research results of many mineral processing materials researchers, combined with the author's years of experience in mineral processing technology research, this high-sulfur lead-zinc mine adopts a partial mixed flotation test program. The principle of partial mixing principle is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Partial mixing principle process
(2) Flotation condition test
The conditional test method adopts the traditional factorial test method. The unit test changes one factor under the premise of fixing other factors, and draws the obtained test data into a plane curve, and finds the corresponding process parameters of the optimal value from the curve. The condition test mainly carried out the condition test of lead rough selection, zinc-sulfur mixed selection and zinc-sulfur separation.
1. Lead rough selection test
(1) Grinding fineness condition test
The sufficient monomer dissociation of the target mineral is a prerequisite for the effective separation of the ore. For this purpose, the grinding fineness condition test is first carried out. The principle process is shown in Figure 2, and the test results are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2 Lead rough selection process
Figure 3 Lead fine grinding grinding fineness test results
It can be seen from the graph of Fig. 3 that as the fineness of grinding increases, the recovery rate of lead increases. It is preferable to select -74 μm to occupy 80%.
(2) Test on the condition of lead rough selection lime
Using lime as an inhibitor of pyrite, the fineness of grinding is -74μm, accounting for 80%, lime is a variable, and other dosages are the same as in Figure 2. The test results are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 Test results of lead coarse selection lime
The test results show that lime plays an important role in improving the lead grade and reducing the content of zinc and sulfur. The excessive lime inhibits the sulfur. A suitable amount of lime is 2000 g/t.
(3) Test of the amount of lead sulfate selected for zinc sulfate
Zinc sulphate is used as an inhibitor of sphalerite. The grinding fineness is -74μm, which accounts for 80%, and zinc sulphate is used as a variable. The other dosages are the same as in Fig. 2. The test results are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 Test results of lead-based crude zinc sulfate dosage conditions
It can be seen from the graph of Fig. 5 that the change of the amount of zinc sulfate has a significant effect on reducing the zinc content in the lead concentrate, and the amount thereof can fluctuate between 750 and 1000 g/t. To ensure the quality of the lead concentrate, the amount of zinc sulfate selected is 1000 g. /t.
(4) Test of crude lead selection and ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulfide nitrogen
The experiment used ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulfide nitrogen as the collector of galena, the ratio of ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulphide was 1:1, grinding fineness -74μm accounted for 80%, ethyl xanthate + B Sulfur and nitrogen are variables, and the dosage of other agents is the same as in Figure 2. The test results are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Lead-selected ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulfide nitrogen test conditions test results
It can be seen from Fig. 6 that with the increase of the amount of ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulphide, the lead recovery rate is obviously improved, and the zinc content of lead crude concentrate is also increased, taking into account the product quality, ethyl xanthate + ethyl sulphide nitrogen is the best. The dosage is 60 g/t.
2. Test of zinc-sulfur mixed float condition
(1) Test conditions for the dosage of zinc-sulfur mixed float sulfate
Flotation tailings use copper sulfate as the activator of sphalerite, butyl xanthate as the collector, and mixed flotation of zinc and sulfur. The dosage of the agent is: butyl drug 200g/t, sodium carbonate 800g/t, pine The alcohol was 20 g/t, and copper sulfate was a variable. The test results are shown in Figure 7.
It can be seen from the graph of Fig. 7 that the amount of lead sulfate increases. The grade and recovery rate of zinc and sulfur in the zinc-sulfur mixed concentrate are improved, and the dosage is preferably 500g/t.
Figure 7 Test results of zinc-sulfur mixed float sulfate
(2) Test conditions for the dosage of zinc-sulfur mixed sodium carbonate
The float lead tailings use sodium carbonate as the activator of pyrite, and butyl xanthate as the collector, and the zinc-sulfur mixed flotation. The dosage of the agent is: butyl xanthate 200g/t, copper sulfate 500g/t, pine Alcohol oil 20g / t, sodium carbonate is a variable. The test results are shown in Figure 8. It can be seen from the curve of Fig. 8 that sodium carbonate not only has obvious activation effect on pyrite, but also helps to improve zinc recovery rate. The suitable amount of sodium carbonate is 1000g/t.
Figure 8 Test results of zinc-sulfur mixed sodium carbonate dosage conditions
(3) Test conditions for the dosage of zinc-sulfur mixed float butyl yellow
The dosage of zinc-sulfur mixed butyl yellow medicinal amount test agent is: copper sulfate 500g/t, sodium carbonate 1000g/t, pine alcohol oil 20g/t, butyl xanthate as a variable. The test results are shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9 Test results of zinc-sulfur mixed float butyl yellow
As can be seen from the graph of Fig. 9, a suitable amount of butyl yellow is 120 g/t.
3. Zinc and sulfur separation conditions test
The separation of the classic zinc-sulfur should be carried out by the lime method, which will form a hydrophilic film of Fe(OH) 2 on the surface of the pyrite, and also have Ca 2 + competitive adsorption, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing sulfur. Lime is a variable test for the amount of the test, and the test results are shown in FIG.
Figure 10 Test results of zinc and sulfur separation lime dosage conditions
(3) Flotation closed circuit test
The flotation closed-circuit test is to simulate the continuous dynamic production process in the field by using the laboratory static unit flotation test under the premise of the optimal process parameters determined by the flotation condition test, so as to investigate the distribution of the middle ore and the accumulation of the drug. And the final selection criteria that may be obtained. The sample is ground to -74μm, which accounts for 80%. In the case of zinc-sulphide, the floating lead operation is a rough selection, three selections, and one sweep. In the case of floating lead tailings in the case of activated zinc and sulfur, the operation of mixing and floating zinc and sulfur is one rough selection, one sweeping and one selection. The zinc-sulfur mixed concentrate is floated in the case of sulfur suppression, and the operation is one rough selection, two selections, and one sweep. The process flow is shown in Figure 11, and the test results are listed in Table 5.
Table 5 Partial mixed floating circuit test results
product
name
Yield
grade
Recovery rate
Pb
Zn
S
Pb
Zn
S
Lead concentrate
Zinc concentrate
Sulfur concentrate
Tailings
Raw ore
2.09
5.52
33.33
59.06
100.0
60.1
0.19
0.14
0.13
1.39
2.78
49.15
0.75
0.16
3.12
16.40
34.01
41.15
1.15
16.61
90.35
0.76
3.36
5.53
100.0
1.86
87.08
8.02
3.03
100.0
2.06
11.30
82.55
4.09
100.0
Figure 11 Partial mixed-loop closed-circuit test procedure
Third, the conclusion
(1) A lead-zinc mine in Xinjiang is a high-sulfur medium-grain embedded refractory ore. The metal minerals in the ore are mainly galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, etc.; the gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite and mica.
(II) From the results of the partial mixing and floating closed circuit test, it can be seen that the partial mixing and floating scheme determined by the results of the process mineralogical research of the sample can obtain better index of lead, zinc and sulfur sorting. The process is mature and feasible, and the production site is easy to implement, which can be used as the design basis for the construction of the plant.
(3) In view of the contradiction between the demand for non-ferrous metals brought about by the growing demand for material culture, it is recommended that relevant government departments increase the preliminary investment in non-ferrous metal geology, exploration, mining and mineral processing to ensure the sustainable development of the national economy.